What is Arthroscopic Surgery?
Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique for diagnosing and treating joint problems. This is performed utilizing small incisions to insert an arthroscope (camera) into a joint and using micro instruments to treat the joint problem. Arthroscopic surgery is commonly performed in the shoulder and knee, and can be done in most joints. This technological innovation utilizes the latest surgical techniques for orthopedic problems that previously required an open procedure.
Common Arthroscopic Procedures
The arthroscope can be utilized to repair and remove torn cartilage, remove loose bone fragments, tighten joint linings, repair tendon tears, assist with visualization in ligament reconstruction, as well as many other procedures.
Advantages of Arthroscopy
Arthroscopic surgery avoids significant damage to tissues that used to be common with open procedures. Due to the small incisions and less invasive nature of the surgery, recovery from arthroscopy tends to be quicker and incisions heal more predictably.
Risks
In general, arthroscopy is a very safe procedure. As with any surgery, there are inherent risks involved, which can include damage to tissue and nerves. During an arthroscopic procedure, tissues within the joint can be damaged by the instruments. Additionally, nerves can be impacted by the placement of instruments or during the actual procedure itself. Arthroscopic procedures have a small risk of infection. The risk of infection, however, is less common than it is for open procedures. Blood clots are a rare occurrence, depending on the medical comorbidities and length of surgery.
During the Procedure
Patients undergo anesthesia prior to the arthroscopic procedure, which may consist of local anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or general anesthesia. This will be determined by the type of procedure and complexity of the problem being treated. During surgery, you will be placed in the best position for the procedure you’re having. The extremity that you are having the procedure on will be placed in a special holding device and a tourniquet may be required to decrease blood loss and improve visibility. The joint being visualized will also be filled with sterile fluid to help with visualization. Incisions are made to place the camera or arthroscope, and other incisions are utilized to place the surgical tools necessary for the joint repair. These incisions are usually very small and can be closed with 1 or 2 sutures.
Recovery after an arthroscopic procedure
Recovery after an arthroscopic procedure depends on the type of procedure you undergo. The incision sites for an arthroscopic procedure usually heal within 1 to 2 weeks. There can be fluid that drains from those incisions over the first couple weeks due to the amount of fluid that is utilized for visualizing your joint. Commonly, you may be prescribed some pain medications as well as anti-inflammatories to help with your discomfort after surgery. Ice, compression and elevation are used to help reduce swelling and pain. Dr. Takenishi will often refer you to physical therapy to help strengthen your muscles and improve the function of your joint following surgery. Depending on the type of surgery you had, some protection may be required through the use of splints, slings, or braces. This will be determined by the type of surgery you undergo.
Typically, you should be able to resume desk work and light activity within a few days after surgery. However, not everyone’s recovery is the same and your specific surgery will dictate how long your recovery will be.